Wall Street Hits New Highs as Nvidia, Apple, and AI Stocks Lead; Fed Rate Cut Buzz, Tariff Talks, Gold & Bitcoin in Focus – October 28, 2025 Recap -( $AAPL $EPRX $GOVX $INTC $MSFT $NOK $NVDA $TSLA $UPS Rise!)
- Published Oct 28, 2025
- Agriculture & Energy
- Apple
- Biotech & Healthcare
- Consumer Goods & Trends
- Eupraxia Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Financials & Fintech
- GeoVax Labs
- Investing & Inspiration
- Market News
- Materials & Natural Resources
- McDonald's
- Modular Medical, Inc.
- NVIDIA
- Serina Therapeutics, Inc.
- Technology & Beyond
- Tesla

U.S. large cap stocks set fresh record highs on October 28, 2025, buoyed by upbeat corporate earnings, optimism over potential Federal Reserve rate cuts (they are due to announce tomorrow), and significant moves in technology shares. Investors digested major macroeconomic and policy headlines as Washington and Beijing advanced in trade negotiations, while AI-powered chipmakers surged to new heights. The Lowe end of the equites curve saw a pull back.
Index Closing Prices and Performance
- S&P 500: Closed at 6,894.90, up 0.23%
- NASDAQ Composite: Ended at 23,827.49, gaining about .80%
- Dow Jones Industrial Average: Finished at 47,706.37 up 0.34%
- Russell 2000: Fell to 2,506.65, down roughly .55%
Treasury Yield Curve and Economic Policy
- 2-Year Treasury Yield: 3.496%
- 10-Year Treasury Yield: 3.978%
The yield curve remains relatively flat, signaling continued caution in fixed income. The Federal Reserve kicked off its October policy meeting today; consensus points to a widely expected 25 basis point rate cut, driven by soft labor market data and falling inflation, with the federal funds rate likely to be set in a 3.75% to 4.00% range and that decision is at the end of their meeting tomorrow, Oct. 29 around 2pm et.
Commodities and Crypto
- Gold: Traded lower again today and closed below $4k.
- Silver: Stood at $47.4 per ounce, rising on the day.
- Bitcoin: Traded South to the $122,551 level.
Significant Government and Corporate Headlines
- U.S.-China trade negotiations gained traction, with Washington and Beijing reportedly nearing a deal. President Trump threatened further tariffs on select imports, including rare earth minerals, while mulling additional action on Canadian and Russian goods.
- The October FOMC meeting centered on rate cuts and a potential end to the Fed’s balance sheet runoff. This policy backdrop catalyzed gains across rate-sensitive sectors.
Company-Specific News
- Nvidia surged after CEO Jensen Huang’s keynote at the GPU Technology Conference in Washington D.C., underlining its central role in AI development. Nvidia announced a landmark $1 billion equity investment in Nokia as part of a strategic partnership to lead AI-RAN markets and data center networking; Nokia shares jumped 25% on the news.
- Intel extended its rally, climbing 5% after surprise profits and major AI-focused investments. The U.S. government acquired a roughly 10% stake while Nvidia and SoftBank injected billions to support Intel’s foundry and AI capabilities. CEO Lip-Bu Tan promised further realignment towards AI and advanced chip manufacturing.
- Tesla reported record revenue in energy storage and car deliveries, but profit margins shrank due to vehicle price cuts and tariffs on imported materials. R&D spending is up, but margins could erode further next quarter as tax credits phase out.
- Apple reached a $4 trillion valuation, underscoring robust iPhone demand and a Services division expected to top $100 billion in annual revenue. Upcoming legal pressures on the App Store and global competition in AI remain watch-points.
- Qualcomm shares jumped more than 10% yesterday before pulling back more than 3% today on news it will supply new AI data center chips to Saudi-backed startup Humain, signaling deeper moves into the lucrative AI server space.
- Microsoft and OpenAI on Tuesday unveiled a sweeping new agreement that reshapes their financial and operational relationship as the ChatGPT creator moves to become a for-profit public benefit corporation. Under the terms, Microsoft will own 27% of the newly formed OpenAI Group PBC, valuing its stake at about $135 billion. OpenAI’s nonprofit parent organization will retain a $130 billion holding in the for-profit business. The deal removes Microsoft’s previous right of first refusal to serve as OpenAI’s exclusive cloud provider, though the two companies remain deeply intertwined—OpenAI has committed to buy $250 billion worth of Azure cloud services.
- UPS has made significant changes, cutting 48k jobs to enhance profitability while reporting better-than-expected earnings. The stock jumped 8%.
Vista Partners Watchlist Highlights & Updates

Eupraxia Pharmaceuticals (EPRX, $5.61, +2.91%) is clinical-stage biotechnology firm headquartered in Victoria, Canada, that is leveraging its proprietary Diffusphere™ technology designed to optimize local, controlled drug delivery for applications with significant unmet need & has quietly become one of the more intriguing stories on both sides of the border in 2025. The company’s shares now trade under the ticker EPRX on both the Nasdaq and the Toronto Stock Exchange, following its U.S. market debut in April 2024. This dual listing has broadened its investor base at a time when the company’s clinical and financial narrative is gaining momentum. All covering analysts currently rate the stock as a “Buy” or better, with not a single “Hold” or “Sell” recommendation in sight. In a sector defined by binary outcomes and frequent disappointment, such unanimity is striking. Overall, analysts cite Eupraxia’s strong clinical pipeline and revenue growth potential as key drivers behind their bullish outlook.
View the Tribe Public event titled “How New Drug Delivery Methods Are Changing Lives: Eupraxia’s Innovations Explained.” This special event was co-hosted by James A. Helliwell M.D. the CEO of Eupraxia Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: EPRX), who will deliverer a brief presentation & was also be available for Q&A session.
After the close on Monday, Sept. 29, Eupraxia Pharmaceuticals provided an operational update on the development of EP-104GI, including reporting data from patients in Cohort 9 of the dose escalation portion of the RESOLVE trial, the first time that patients received an 8mg dose per injection. “We believe our recent financing, combined with our latest clinical trial results, underscores both the medical and investment communities’ confidence in EP-104GI. The strong efficacy trend observed in previous cohorts – the more drug we deliver to the tissue, the better the results we observe – has continued in Cohort 9. Combined with the absence of any Serious Adverse Events or cases of candidiasis, this strongly suggests that an 8mg dose per injection is the optimal second dose to test in our Phase 2b trial”, said Dr. James A. Helliwell, Chief Executive Officer of Eupraxia. “We believe EP-104GI has the potential to significantly improve upon the current standard of care, as the clinical efficacy outcomes and improvements in tissue health reported so far are well beyond the published results for the leading currently approved therapies. With the capital raised, we are well-positioned to expand our Phase 2 study, prepare for a robust Phase 3 program, and pursue additional clinical indications, subject to discussions with FDA, all with a runway extending well into 2028”.
On Sept. 24 Eupraxia Pharmaceuticals announced the successful closing of its previously announced public offering (the “Offering”) of 14,636,363 common shares of the Company (the “Common Shares”), which includes the full exercise of the option to purchase additional shares granted to the underwriters, at a price to the public of US$5.50 per Common Share for gross proceeds of approximately US$80.5 million, before deducting the underwriting commissions and estimated expenses incurred in connection with the Offering. “This financing represents a pivotal milestone for Eupraxia, enabling us to accelerate the development of EP-104GI for eosinophilic esophagitis and advance toward our upcoming Phase 2b clinical readout, plus other key clinical and regulatory milestones,” said James Helliwell, CEO of Eupraxia. “The strong participation from leading life-science focused investors validates both our strategy and technology, and with this financing, we believe we are now capitalized into the first quarter of 2028, providing the resources and flexibility to deliver on our vision.”
Cantor and LifeSci Capital acted as joint book-running managers for the Offering. Bloom Burton also acted as co-manager for the Offering.

Modular Medical, Inc. (NASDAQ: MODD, $.5392) is an insulin delivery technology company with the first FDA-cleared patch pump designed specifically to target the estimated $3 billion dollar adult “almost-pumpers” market with its user-friendly and affordable design. Using its patented technologies, the company seeks to eliminate the tradeoff between complexity and efficacy, thereby making top quality insulin delivery both affordable and simple to learn. Their mission is to improve access to the highest standard of glycemic control for people with diabetes taking it beyond “superusers” and providing “diabetes care for the rest of us.” Modular Medical was founded by Paul DiPerna, a seasoned medical device professional and microfluidics engineer. Prior to founding Modular Medical, Mr. DiPerna was the founder (in 2005) of Tandem Diabetes and invented and designed its t:slim insulin pump. More information is available at https://modular-medical.com.
On October 6, Modular Medical announced the appointment of David Bosshard as Head of International Operations. With two decades of expertise in scaling similar tubeless insulin delivery systems across Europe and beyond, Mr. Bosshard will drive Modular Medical’s global strategy, leveraging his success in launching blockbuster products, such as Insulet’s Omnipod and Ypsomed’s YpsoPump, to position the Company for international growth in the rapidly expanding wearable diabetes technology sector.
On Sept. 29, Modular Medical announced the exercise of certain existing warrants issued in May 2023 and March 2025 (the “Existing Warrants”) at a reduced exercise price of $0.68 per share. The shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Existing Warrants are registered pursuant to effective registration statements on Form S-1 (file no. 333-271413), as amended, and Form S-3 (file no. 333-286768). In consideration for the immediate exercise of 6,504,731 Existing Warrants for cash, the Company will issue new unregistered warrants to purchase up to 3,252,366 shares of common stock (the “New Warrants”). The New Warrants will have an exercise price of $0.84 per share and will be exercisable upon issuance and will have a term equal to five years from the date of issuance. The gross proceeds to the Company from the exercise of the Existing Warrants were approximately $4.4 million, prior to deducting servicing agent fees and offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes.
On Sept. 15, Modular Medical announced Institutional Review Board (“IRB”) approval to conduct an in-house feasibility study of its next-generation Pivot insulin delivery system using sterile saline (the “Study”). Pursuant to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) regulations, an IRB is a group that has been formally designated to review and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects. The Study will simulate real-world conditions by delivering sterile saline to adult participants for up to 90 days to gather critical data on device usability, extended wear performance and user feedback.
On September 11, Modular Medical announced the successful completion of a clinical study with the MODD1 pump. The MODD1 was worn by nine clinicians with Type 1diabetes who currently wear a continuous glucose monitor (“CGM”) and other pumps to provide the Company with real-world experience and feedback to make further refinements for the launch of its next-generation Pivot pump product. This MODD1 study was conducted to test and refine its ease of use for converting multiple daily injectors to this system and will continue as we prepare for the Pivot launch.
On August 26, Modular Medical announced that the MODD1 product cartridge production run has been completed and its manufacturing line is being converted to production for its Pivot product.“I want to congratulate our operational team for the successful validation of our MODD1 manufacturing process and production of human use cartridges,” said Jeb Besser, CEO of Modular Medical. “We will now begin converting our cartridge line to Pivot production, and we expect it to be ready to produce cartridges for our Pivot product upon receipt of clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”). We expect to submit the Pivot product to the FDA for clearance in October 2025. The Pivot will be the first tubeless, removable 3 milliliter patch to be available to the consumer when it is cleared. Along with these features, the ability to scale production is a key differentiator in the pump space, especially given the much higher volumes required for a patch pump. Modular Medical’s simple, low-cost platform was designed from the ground up for high volume manufacturing.”
On August 8, Modular Medical announced its participation at the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists (“ADCES”) Conference, which is being held in Phoenix, Arizona from August 8 to August 11, 2025. With over 11,000 members, the ADCES is a national network of diabetes care and education specialists working to optimize clinical outcomes for people with diabetes. “The ADCES conference is an ideal location for us to showcase our next-generation patch pump, branded as Pivot, for which we plan to file for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) clearance in October 2025. Diabetes care and education specialists are crucial in offering and prescribing pumps to achieve improved clinical outcomes, and we believe they will appreciate the user-friendly design of the Pivot pump and our focus on making diabetes care simpler to learn and manage for our targeted audience of Almost Pumpers,” stated Jeb Besser, CEO of Modular Medical. Modular Medical will also showcase the first playable level of the new Pivot pump gamified training module, which is being developed by Level Ex. Level Ex (powered by Relevate) is the developer of numerous medical games, including Level One, a game designed to teach the basics of caring for diabetes. Level One is endorsed by Breakthrough T1D, a leading global type 1 diabetes research and advocacy organization. Gamification has been proven to make medical training more effective, be more efficient for the clinician and dramatically improve retention of knowledge. Complexity, including support for technology, is a key issue in pump uptake and continues to serve as a barrier to adoption, impacting both the patient and provider.
On August 6, Modular Medical, Inc. announced the first human use of the MODD1 pump to deliver insulin to a person with diabetes in a real-world setting. The MODD1 is delivering insulin to a clinician with Type 1 under institutional review board approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration, which is necessary because the reusable controller line is being validated for human use.
On August 4, Modular Medical announced that the MODD1 cartridge line has been validated for human-use production in the United States. “This is an important milestone for scaling up our manufacturing infrastructure to support our commercial pilot for MODD1 and, eventually, our 3ml Pivot tubeless patch pump launch,” stated Jeb Besser, CEO of Modular Medical. “While we encountered significant delays with the initial shipment of equipment for the manufacturing line to our contract manufacturing site in Mexico, all equipment for the controller line has been installed and validation is underway. We continue to target controller line validation in October for MODD1 with the commercial pilot for MODD1 to follow immediately thereafter.” The ability to scale production is a key differentiator in the pump space, especially given the much higher volumes required for a patch pump. Modular Medical’s simple, low-cost platform was designed from the ground up for high volume manufacturing.
After the close May 28, Modular Medical announced the appointment of Jeff Goldberg to its Board of Directors. Mr. Goldberg brings decades of experience in health care, life sciences, and medical device leadership, including development of generic insulin. Mr. Goldberg began his work in medical technology alongside pioneering medical entrepreneur, and founder of MiniMed, Alfred E. Mann. Mr. Goldberg currently serves as Chairman of Lannett Company, Inc., a generic pharmaceutical manufacturer where he has helped execute a post-restructuring turnaround. During his tenure, Lannett has made significant strides in launching a generic insulin product – progress that aligns closely with Modular Medical’s commitment to innovation and affordability in diabetes care. In addition to his work at Lannett, Mr. Goldberg previously served as President and CEO within Alfred E. Mann’s incubator, IncuMed, where he oversaw multiple portfolio companies focused on drug-device combination products, including an insulin patch-pump program. His tenure with Mr. Mann’s enterprises included pivotal roles in regulatory strategy, operations turnaround, and successful exits, underscoring his ability to guide early-stage technologies to commercial viability. Mr. Goldberg also serves on the boards of several health-care and consumer-focused companies, including ATI Physical Therapy, Cano Health, and Eating Recovery Centers. He holds a JD from UCLA School of Law and an AB from Harvard College. Mr. Goldberg stated, “Modular Medical is advancing a truly disruptive approach to insulin delivery. I’m excited to join the board and contribute to the Company’s journey toward simplifying treatment for people living with diabetes, particularly as the industry shifts toward more accessible and patient-friendly solutions.”

Shares of ADT Inc. (ADT, $8.71, -.34%) is a leading provider of monitored security and automation solutions for residential and small business customers in the United States and Canada. On Sept. 30, ADT Inc. announced that its indirect wholly owned subsidiary, The ADT Security Corporation, has priced its offering of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.875% first-priority senior secured notes due 2033 (the “Notes”) in an offering that will be exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) (the “Offering”).

GeoVax Labs, Inc. (Nasdaq: GOVX, $.5994, +4.68%), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing multi-antigen vaccines and immunotherapies for infectious diseases and cancer, emphasized the urgent public health threat posed by the confirmation of locally transmitted Clade 1 Mpox cases in Los Angeles County, California. These cases represent the first known local spread of the more severe strain in the United States, underscoring the fragility of global vaccine supply chains and the critical need for second-source solutions. The U.S. remains reliant on a single, foreign manufacturer for the currently approved MVA-based mpox vaccine. This dependency creates vulnerabilities in cost, supply chain security, and surge capacity – at a time when outbreaks in Africa, Europe, and now the U.S. are escalating. “Relying on a single overseas manufacturer for such a critical biosecurity countermeasure is unwise and unsustainable,” said David Dodd, Chairman & CEO of GeoVax. “The emergence of locally spread Clade 1 mpox in California is a warning sign. America needs a diversified vaccine arsenal that includes U.S.-based manufacturing and scalable platforms designed for both epidemic response and national stockpiling.”
On October 28, GeoVax highlighted the recently issued Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommending immediate and prioritized COVID-19 vaccination for immunocompromised individuals. The new guidelines underscore the significant unmet need in this population – one that remains at heightened risk of severe illness despite widespread vaccine availability – and confirms what clinicians, patients and policymakers have long recognized: over 40 million Americans with weakened immune systems remain at heightened risk of severe COVID-19 illness and are underserved by existing vaccines.
On Sept. 29, GeoVax Labs announced its strong support for the newly unveiled America First Global Health Strategy by U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio. The strategy underscores the importance of American innovation, domestic pharmaceutical manufacturing, and global partnerships in strengthening health security and safeguarding U.S. national interests.
On Sept. 22, GeoVax Labs reaffirmed its commitment to rigorous, science-based evaluation of vaccine safety. The statement follows discussions by federal officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) meeting, held September 18-19, 2025, regarding reports of adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination.
On Sept. 15, GeoVax Labs showcased positive interim results for its lead COVID-19 vaccine candidate, GEO-CM04S1 at the XXI International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (iwCLL 2025) in Krakow, Poland.
On Sept. 8, GeoVax Labs announced that its Chief Medical Officer and clinical collaborators will present data highlighting the cross-variant antibody and robust cellular immune responses induced by the Company’s next-generation COVID-19 vaccine (GEO-CM04S1) in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies at two upcoming scientific meetings in September.

On Oct.. 14, Teladoc Health announced the launch of a new offering to help hospitals and health systems address workplace violence. This is the latest innovation within Teladoc Health’s Clarity™ monitoring solution, which includes AI-enabled software, hardware and services that empower care teams to monitor care settings and quickly direct the right resources. The solution serves multiple use cases including virtual sitting and now virtual workplace safety intervention.

We applaud the FDA’s decision to revise the labeling of fenofibrates (fibrates). The updated labeling now includes a clear statement on the lack of cardiovascular (CV) benefit, relevant safety data, and a refined indication as follows.
“Fenofibrate did not reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity or mortality in two large, randomized controlled trials of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.”
“Risk for rhabdomyolysis is increased when fibrates are co-administered with a statin. Avoid concomitant use unless the benefit of further alterations in TG levels is likely to outweigh the increased risk of this drug combination.”
“Fenofibrates are now indicated for the reduction in elevated LDL-C in adults with primary hyperlipidemia when use of recommended LDL-C lowering therapy is not possible.”


M2i Global, Inc. (MTWO, $.1010), through its subsidiary U.S. Minerals and Metals Corp., provides engineering, research, and services that integrate people, technology, and solutions from across sectors to ensure access to critical minerals and metals for national defense and economic security. M2i Global aims to establish a Strategic Mineral Reserve in partnership with the U.S. Federal Government, creating a resilient supply chain that addresses the global shortage of essential minerals and metals. For more information, please visit: www.m2i.global.
Quote of The Day
“Research is creating new knowledge.” –
Neil Armstrong
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